Are attacks on energy infrastructure in armed conflict compatible with international humanitarian law, given their environmental and humanitarian consequences?

Introduction The ongoing conflict between Iran and US/Israeli forces has proved to have a significant effect on the environment, while also raising serious issues regarding international humanitarian law. What began…

An Appraisal of the updated FMO/DEG/Proparco’s Independent Complaints Mechanism Policy: Assessing its Prospects and Potential Impact on Access to Remedy

Introduction The Independent Complaints Mechanism (ICM) is a grievance mechanism of three leading European bilateral Development Finance Institutions (DFIs), namely Dutch Nederlandse Financierings-Maatschappij voor Ontwikkelingslanden N.V. (FMO), German Deutsche Investitions-…

Women’s human rights, marriage, and moral pluralism in Africa: a daughter’s reflections

Introduction Third World Approaches to International Law ( TWAIL) aims to be the voice of a historically voiceless global south on the international law scene. It seeks to “ re-tell…

An analysis of the term ‘judicialization’ through J Oloka-Onyango’s, “ When Courts Do Politics “

To judicialize or not to judicialize? You know when people ask, ‘How did we get here?’ I sometimes think maybe we never really left that given place to begin with.…

The New UN Declaration on the Transatlantic Slave Trade: Reflections on the Future of the Afro-Caribbean Movement for Reparatory Justice

The Dawn of a New Era for Reparatory Justice? On 25 March 2026, the UN General Assembly adopted a historic Declaration, designating the transatlantic slave trade as “the gravest crime…

State obligations in addressing Climate Change: The interplay between the climate treaty regime and international Human Rights law

Introduction Recent climate events illustrate the growing human impact of climate change.[1] However, the legal framework governing state responsibility remains fragmented. This short piece argues that while climate treaties provide…

The Human Rights Situation in the Federal Republic of Somalia: Challenges and Perspectives 

Introduction  The Federal Republic of Somalia, located in the Horn of Africa, bears the scars of a past marked by colonial rule, a brief period of independence, and a devastating…

EACOP and Land Rights: Addressing Legal Inequities Between Uganda’s Indigenous and Local Communities

Introduction Uganda’s pursuit of economic development through large-scale projects, such as the East African Crude Oil Pipeline (EACOP), has raised significant concerns about land rights and environmental justice. While natural…

Breaking Barriers: The Legal Struggles and Opportunities of Labor Migration Across Africa

Introduction Migration in Africa is more than a journey; it’s a dynamic intersection of hope, challenges, and opportunities. It acts as a place of origin, a transit point, and a…

The Difference between Migrants and Refugees

Introduction 2025 has begun and we are all witnessing the first developments and changes resulting from political decisions made last year. Recently, right-wing parties and news channels have been instrumentalizing…