Are attacks on energy infrastructure in armed conflict compatible with…
Introduction The ongoing conflict between Iran and US/Israeli forces has proved to have a significant effect on the environment, while…
Red card to child labour: A Global moment of reflection?
Today’s International Day against Child Labour gives us yet another chance to assess our progress in addressing the ills that…
An Appraisal of the updated FMO/DEG/Proparco’s Independent Complaints Mechanism Policy:…
Introduction The Independent Complaints Mechanism (ICM) is a grievance mechanism of three leading European bilateral Development Finance Institutions (DFIs), namely…
South Africa ‘s Third World Approach to International Law: African…
Introduction In December 2023, the South African government filed a case of genocide against Israel https://www.icj-cij.org/sites/default/files/case-related/192/192-20231228-app-01-00-en.pdf at the International Court…
Legal Framework for Green Business in Rwanda and Environmental Profit…
Introduction This chapter examines the multi-layered legal architecture that governs green business activities in Rwanda and underpins the concept of…
Women’s human rights, marriage, and moral pluralism in Africa: a…
Introduction Third World Approaches to International Law ( TWAIL) aims to be the voice of a historically voiceless global south…
- Are attacks on energy infrastructure in armed conflict compatible with international humanitarian law, given their environmental and humanitarian consequences?Introduction The ongoing conflict between Iran and US/Israeli forces has proved to have a significant effect on the environment, while also raising serious issues regarding international humanitarian law. What began as targeted strikes on military and nuclear sites has rapidly escalated into a wider regional confrontation, with both sides progressively targeting energy infrastructure. Israeli strikes…
- Red card to child labour: A Global moment of reflection?Today’s International Day against Child Labour gives us yet another chance to assess our progress in addressing the ills that it is. It is both convenient and fit for purpose that this year’s commemoration and theme, “Red Card to Child Labour: Fair Play for Children, Decent Work for Adults”, is just a day after the…
- An Appraisal of the updated FMO/DEG/Proparco’s Independent Complaints Mechanism Policy: Assessing its Prospects and Potential Impact on Access to RemedyIntroduction The Independent Complaints Mechanism (ICM) is a grievance mechanism of three leading European bilateral Development Finance Institutions (DFIs), namely Dutch Nederlandse Financierings-Maatschappij voor Ontwikkelingslanden N.V. (FMO), German Deutsche Investitions- und Entwicklungsgesellschaft mbH (DEG), and French Société de Promotion et de Participation pour la Coopération Économique (Proparco). The ICM was established in 2014 by the…
- State obligations in addressing Climate Change: The interplay between the climate treaty regime and international Human Rights lawIntroduction Recent climate events illustrate the growing human impact of climate change.[1] However, the legal framework governing state responsibility remains fragmented. This short piece argues that while climate treaties provide the primary institutional framework for mitigation, adaptation and international cooperation, human rights law imposes more stringent and enforceable duties on states. I highlight how the…
- How African countries are managing the potentially catastrophic risks of just transition through the investment regimeIntroduction Foreign investment has long been an important policy tool for countries seeking to transform their economies. The international investment regime—comprising treaties and institutions—has supported this objective by creating policies to attract and protect investment. For developing countries, foreign investment plays a particularly crucial role in alleviating poverty, generating employment opportunities, and fostering economic…
- Branching Scenario ToolEnvironmental Law and Climate Justice: Case Study on the East African Crude Oil Pipeline Introduction Welcome to the Branching Scenarios Tool “Environmental Law and Climate Justice: Case Study on the East African Crude Oil Pipeline”! This digital tool was developed as part of a seminar held by the Chair of African Legal Studies at the…
- The Human Rights Situation in the Federal Republic of Somalia: Challenges and Perspectives Introduction The Federal Republic of Somalia, located in the Horn of Africa, bears the scars of a past marked by colonial rule, a brief period of independence, and a devastating civil war that began in 1991. The collapse of the central government plunged the country into years of anarchy and clan-based violence, while also enabling…
- Investment and Investor Protection in SomaliaIntroduction With Somalia’s accession to the East African Community (EAC), the internal market of this community is also becoming increasingly attractive for foreign investments. A common market with over 300 million populations is developing, and there is not only a common internal market. It also has an excellent strategic location from the Indian Ocean to…
- The East African Community: Past Experiences and Lessons for the FutureIntroduction The East Africa Community (EAC) is one of the oldest regional economic blocs in the world.[1] Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania, as members of EAC, had a customs union as early as 1927.[2] While this regional bloc collapsed in 1977, it was re-established in 2000 and grew from three to eight countries, including Uganda, Kenya,…
- The Message Communicated to African Regionalisation Following the Creation of the Alliance of Sahel States-AESIntroduction The Alliance of Sahel States, also known in French as the ‘Alliance des Etats du Sahel’ (AES), is a confederation formed by Burkina Faso, Niger, and Mali.[1] The AES was established in September 2023, following the adoption of the Charter of Liptako-Gourma, which establishes the Alliance of Sahel States.[2] The AES Charter was signed…
- How African countries are managing the potentially catastrophic risks of just transition through the investment regimeIntroduction Foreign investment has long been an important policy tool for countries seeking to transform their economies. The international investment regime—comprising treaties and institutions—has supported this objective by creating policies to attract and protect investment. For developing countries, foreign investment plays a particularly crucial role in alleviating poverty, generating employment opportunities, and fostering economic…
- The Fate of the SADC Tribunal After Zimbabwe’s Recent Move to Compensate the FTLRP Affected White FarmersIntroduction On 12 February 2025, the Finance Minister of Zimbabwe announced that the government of Zimbabwe intends to compensate 94 former farmers who were affected by the ‘Fast Track Land Reform Programme’ (FTLRP). Such farmers include the nationals of the United Kingdom (UK), Switzerland, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, and the former Yugoslavia. [1] This is…